Iseluleko sivela kuMatt Cutull, uprofesa osizayo wesayensi yokhula lwezitshalo eClemson Coastal Research and Education Center.UCutulle nabanye abacwaningi bezolimo bethule izindlela “zokulawula ukhula okudidiyelwe” emhlanganweni wokucobelelana ngolwazi wakamuva e-Clemson Madron Convention Centre kanye ne-Student Organic Farm.
Ukhula luqhudelana nezitshalo ukuze luthole imisoco yomhlabathi, okubangela ukulahleka kwezitshalo ku-$32 billion njalo ngonyaka, kusho uCutulle.Ukulawula ukhula ngokuphumelelayo kuqala lapho abalimi bebona isikhathi esingenalo ukhula, isikhathi esibucayi ngesikhathi sokukhula lapho ukhula lubangela ukulahlekelwa kwezitshalo kakhulu, uthi.
“Lesi sikhathi singahluka kakhulu kuye ngesilimo, ukuthi sikhule kanjani (seeded or transplanted), kanye nezinhlobo zokhula ezikhona,” kusho uCutulle."Isikhathi esibalulekile sokungena ukhula sizoba amasonto ayisithupha, kodwa futhi, lokhu kungahluka ngokuya ngesitshalo nokhula olukhona."
Isikhathi Esibalulekile Sokukhulula Ukhula siyiphuzu esikhathini sokukhula lapho ukugcina isilimo singenakhula kubalulekile kubalimi ukuze bakhulise amandla esivuno.Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi esibucayi, abalimi kufanele bagxile ekuvimbeleni ukutshala ukhula.Abalimi bangakwenza lokhu ngokudedela inhlanyelo ukuthi iqhume bese beyibulala, noma bangavimbela ukumila bese belinda ukuthi imbewu ife noma idliwe yizilwane ezidla imbewu.
Enye indlela iwukwenza umhlabathi ube solarization, okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa ukushisa okukhiqizwa yilanga ukuze ulawule izinambuzane ezithwalwa umhlabathi.Lokhu kufezwa ngokuvala inhlabathi ngeseyili yepulasitiki ecacile ngezikhathi zonyaka ezishisayo lapho umhlabathi uzochayeka elangeni kuze kube amasonto ayisithupha.Iseyili yepulasitiki ishisa ungqimba olungaphezulu lwenhlabathi oluwugqinsi oluyi-intshi engu-12 kuya ku-18 futhi ibulala izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane ezihlanganisa ukhula, amagciwane ezitshalo, ama-nematode kanye nezinambuzane.
Ukufakwa kwenhlabathi kungathuthukisa impilo yomhlabathi ngokusheshisa ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokwandisa ukutholakala kwe-nitrogen nezinye izakhi ezitshalweni ezikhulayo, kanye nokuguqula ngokunenzuzo imiphakathi yamagciwane asenhlabathini (amagciwane kanye nesikhunta esithinta impilo yomhlabathi futhi ekugcineni empilweni yezitshalo) .
Ukukhishwa kwenhlabathi ye-Anaerobic kungenye indlela engeyona eyekhemikhali esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izifutha futhi ingasetshenziswa ukulawula izinhlobo eziningi zezifo ezitholakala emhlabathini kanye nama-nematodes.Lena inqubo enezinyathelo ezintathu ehlanganisa ukungeza umthombo wekhabhoni enhlabathini ohlinzeka ngemisoco kumagciwane azuzisayo enhlabathini.Umhlabathi ube usuniselwa ukuze ugcwale futhi umbozwe nge-mulch yepulasitiki amasonto ambalwa.Ngesikhathi sokuqeda izikelemu, umoya-mpilo osenhlabathini uyaphela futhi imikhiqizo ephumayo enobuthi ibulala amagciwane atholakala emhlabathini.
Ukusebenzisa izitshalo zokumboza ekuqaleni kwesizini ukucindezela ukhula kungaba usizo, kodwa ukubulala kubalulekile, kusho uJeff Zender, umqondisi wohlelo lukaClemson lwezolimo olusimeme.
“Abalimi bemifino ngokuvamile abazitshali izitshalo zokumboza ngenxa yezinkinga zokuphatha, okuhlanganisa nokuthi yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokutshala izitshalo ezisibekela ukuze kukhule izitshalo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu,” kusho uZender.“Uma ungatshali ngesikhathi esifanele, ungase ungabi nayo i-biomass eyanele, ngakho-ke uma uyigingqa, ngeke isebenze kahle ekucindezeleni ukhula.Isikhathi sibalulekile.”
Izitshalo zokumboza eziphumelele kakhulu zihlanganisa i-crimson clover, i-rye yasebusika, ibhali yasebusika, ibhali yasentwasahlobo, i-spring oats, i-buckwheat, i-millet, i-hemp, i-black oats, i-vetch, uphizi kanye nokolo wasebusika.
Kunama-mulch amaningi okucindezela ukhula emakethe namuhla.Ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nokulawula ukhula ngokutshala nokumboza ngemboza izithombo zezihlahla, bheka i-Clemson Home and Garden Information Centre 1253 kanye/noma i-HGIC 1604.
UCutulle nabanye eClemson Coastal REC, kanye nabacwaningi basepulazini labafundi likaClemson, bahlola amanye amasu okulawula ukhula, okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa i-nitrogen ewuketshezi ukuze kuqandwe ukhula oluvulekile ngaphambi kokulubulala kanye nokugingqa izitshalo zekhava ngerola.Ukulawulwa kokhula okunezinga lokushisa eliphansi elihlelekile.
"Abalimi kufanele baqonde ukhula - ukuhlonza, i-biology, njll - ukuze bakwazi ukuphatha amapulazi abo futhi bagweme izinkinga zokhula ezitshalweni zabo," esho.
Abalimi nabalimi bangakwazi ukubona ukhula besebenzisa iwebhusayithi ye-Clemson Weed ID kanye ne-Biology edalwe umsizi ngelebhu ye-Coastal REC u-Marcellus Washington.
I-Clemson News ingumthombo wezindaba nezindaba mayelana nokuqanjwa kabusha, ucwaningo kanye nempumelelo yomndeni wakwaClemson.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-16-2023